What is the principle of checks and balances?

• A. Each branch has power to limit the others to prevent concentration of power.
• B. Each branch has no power over the others and operates in isolation.
• C. The judiciary exclusively controls both legislative and executive functions.
• D. The president controls all branches.

Answer: (B)

The principle of checks and balances means that no single branch of government can act without accountability to the others. Each branch has ways to limit the actions of the others to prevent the concentration of power. For example, laws passed by the legislature can be halted by a presidential veto, and the legislature can override that veto with enough votes. The executive branch relies on the Senate to confirm key appointments, giving the legislative branch influence over the executive. The judiciary serves as a check by reviewing laws and executive actions to ensure they comply with the Constitution, potentially striking down those that don’t. This interconnected system keeps power distributed and requires cooperation, preventing any one branch from dominating.