What is judicial review?

• A. The authority of the legislature to veto court decisions.
• B. The duty of courts to implement executive orders without scrutiny.
• C. The process of judges reviewing only civil cases.
• D. The power of the courts to interpret laws and declare statutes or executive actions unconstitutional.

Answer: (D)

Judicial review is the power of the courts to interpret laws and determine whether statutes or executive actions are in line with the Constitution. This allows the judiciary to check the other branches by striking down or limiting laws and actions that violate constitutional provisions. For example, if the legislature passes a law or the executive issues an order that conflicts with constitutional rights or principles, the courts can declare that law or action unconstitutional. This is a fundamental mechanism for protecting constitutional rights and maintaining the balance of power among the branches.