How does Maryland ensure separation of powers?

• A. By concentrating power in the governor
• B. By distributing power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches and providing checks and balances
• C. By giving all power to the president
• D. By removing courts

Answer: (B)

Separation of powers means government authority is divided into three branches, each with its own distinct duties to prevent one part from gaining too much control. In Maryland, the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces them, and the judicial branch interprets them. This division creates accountability, because no single branch handles everything.

Checks and balances are built into this system so the branches keep each other in check. For example, the governor can veto laws, but the General Assembly can override that veto with a sufficient vote in both houses. The governor appoints many officials and judges, but the Senate must confirm those appointments, providing oversight. The judiciary reviews laws and executive actions to ensure they comply with the state constitution, and the impeachment process allows removal of officials who overstep their authority. Together, these features ensure power is distributed and restrained across the three branches.